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The Making of a Super Storm
Sandy is a
heartbreaking reminder that the end of summer isn’t the end of hurricane season.
.
Sandy started out as a classic hurricane, getting energy from the warm waters of the Caribbean and moving northward along the Gulf Stream. Sandy then took a sharp left turn into the New Jersey and New York coasts and collided with a winter-like storm system. As Sandy’s energy source transitioned from the warm ocean water to the atmosphere it morphed into a wintertime cyclone and dramatically increased in size.
Ocean Today
For seven days in the Fall of
2012, Hurricane Sandy pounded the Caribbean and US East Coast with punishing
rain, wind, and waves.
As the storm approached
landfall, the National Hurricane Center renamed the hurricane
"Post-Tropical Cyclone Sandy."
But to those whose lives were
devastated – it will always be remembered as super storm Sandy.
What happened in the atmosphere that caused this monstrous storm
to form?
Summer and winter weather
conditions collided with extreme forces.
The primary difference
between a tropical cyclone, also called a hurricane, and a wintertime cyclone
is the energy source.
Tropical cyclones extract
heat from the ocean and grow by releasing that heat in the atmosphere near the
storm center.
Wintertime storms, on the
other hand, get most of their energy from temperature contrasts in the
atmosphere, and this energy usually gets distributed over larger areas.
Sandy started out as a classic hurricane, getting energy from
the warm waters of the Caribbean and moving northward along the Gulf Stream.
Sandy then took a sharp left
turn into the New Jersey and New York coasts and collided with a winter-like
storm system.
As Sandy’s energy source transitioned from the warm ocean water
to the atmosphere it morphed into a wintertime cyclone and dramatically
increased in size.
High winds extended 1,000
miles across bringing record-breaking storm surges to coastal areas and blizzard
conditions to the mountains.
Tunnels turned into rivers
and parking lots into ponds.
Residents returned to find
their belongings floating in pools of water in their homes and yards.
Cars were pushed around like
toys and mountains of sands filled the streets.
Power outages lasted for
days, weeks, and in some places for months. One neighborhood even burned to the
ground.
Initial calculations for
damages were $50 billion.
As cities and towns rebuild
that number continues to rise.
Sandy is a heartbreaking
reminder that the end of summer isn’t the end of hurricane season.
Hurricane season runs from
June 1 to November 30 with the peak of the season from mid-August to late
October.
Put together an emergency
plan and supply kit now, so you are prepared for extreme weather no matter when
it strikes.
Fast Facts
Sandy, as a hurricane and a post-tropical cyclone, killed at
least 117 people in the United States and 69 more in Canada and the Caribbean.
Sandy ranks as the second-costliest storm on record at $68 billion.
Hurricane Katrina of 2005 is the highest at $108 billion.
The New York Stock Exchange closed for two consecutive days, the
first time this has happened because of weather since 1888.
At its peak intensity, Hurricane Sandy measured a Category 3 as
it made landfall in Cuba.
Sandy was the 18th named storm, 10th hurricane, and second major hurricane of 2012.
The Ocean Today website provides access to
the current and archived videos that play on the Ocean Today multimedia
exhibit. Ocean Today was designed as a highly dynamic, visitor-friendly
experience at the Sant Ocean Hall in the Smithsonian Institution's National
Museum of Natural History. It has expanded to many other locations around the
world.
The Ocean Today website is an online
archive of the videos that appear on the physical kiosks. The videos are
categorized in the seven theme areas: Collections, Danger Zone, Exploration,
Fix the Ocean, Go Fish, Marine Life, and Research. A description of Ocean
Today, kiosks locations, how to obtain a kiosk and requirements, and
contributor information can found in the “What
is Ocean Today” section.
https://oceantoday.noaa.gov/makingofasuperstorm/
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