DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SODIUM AND SALT - Technically salt can be any ionic compound formed by reacting an acid and a base, but most of the time the word is used to refer to table salt, which is sodium chloride or NaCl. So, you know salt contains sodium, but the two chemicals aren't the same thing. Sodium is a chemical element. It is very reactive, so it isn't found free in nature. In fact, it undergoes spontaneous combustion in water, so while sodium is essential for human nutrition, you wouldn't want to eat pure sodium. When you ingest salt, the sodium, and the chlorine ions in sodium chloride separate from each other, making the sodium available for your body to use. Sodium is used to transmit nerve impulses and is found in every cell of your body. The balance between sodium and other ions regulates the pressure of cells and is related to your blood pressure, too. Since sodium levels are so critical to so many chemical reactions in your body, the amount of sodium you eat or drink has important implications for your health. If you are trying to regulate or limit your intake of sodium, you need to realize the quantity of salt you eat is related to the amount of sodium but is not the same. This is because salt contains both sodium and chlorine, so when salt dissociates into its ions, the mass is divided (not equally) between sodium and chlorine ions. The reason salt isn't just half sodium and half chlorine is because a sodium ion and a chlorine ion don't weight the same amount. While table salt is an obvious source of sodium, the CDC reports 40% of dietary sodium comes from 10 foods.

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The Difference Between Sodium and Salt

By Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.

 

Technically salt can be any ionic compound formed by reacting an acid and a base, but most of the time the word is used to refer to table salt, which is sodium chloride or NaCl.

So, you know salt contains sodium, but the two chemicals aren't the same thing.

Sodium

Sodium is a chemical element. It is very reactive, so it isn't found free in nature.

In fact, it undergoes spontaneous combustion in water, so while sodium is essential for human nutrition, you wouldn't want to eat pure sodium.

When you ingest salt, the sodium, and the chlorine ions in sodium chloride separate from each other, making the sodium available for your body to use.

Sodium in the Body

Sodium is used to transmit nerve impulses and is found in every cell of your body.

The balance between sodium and other ions regulates the pressure of cells and is related to your blood pressure, too.

Amount Of Sodium in Salt

Since sodium levels are so critical to so many chemical reactions in your body, the amount of sodium you eat or drink has important implications for your health.

If you are trying to regulate or limit your intake of sodium, you need to realize the quantity of salt you eat is related to the amount of sodium but is not the same.

This is because salt contains both sodium and chlorine, so when salt dissociates into its ions, the mass is divided (not equally) between sodium and chlorine ions.

The reason salt isn't just half sodium and half chlorine is because a sodium ion and a chlorine ion don't weight the same amount.

Sample Salt and Sodium Calculation

For example, here is how to calculate the amount of sodium in 3 grams (g) of salt. You will notice 3 grams of salt does not contain 3 grams of sodium, nor is half the mass of salt from sodium, so 3 grams of salt does not contain 1.5 grams of sodium:

·           Na: 22.99 grams/mole

·           Cl: 35.45 grams/mole

·          1 mole of NaCl = 23 + 35.5 g = 58.5 grams per mole

·         Sodium is 23/58.5 x 100% = 39.3% of salt is sodium

Then the amount of sodium in 3 grams of salt = 39.3% x 3 = 1.179 g or about 1200 mg

An easy way to calculate the amount of sodium in salt is to realize 39.3% of the amount of salt comes from sodium.

Just multiply 0.393 times the mass of the salt and you will have the mass of sodium.

Top Dietary Sources of Sodium

While table salt is an obvious source of sodium, the CDC reports 40% of dietary sodium comes from 10 foods.

The list may be surprising because many of these foods don't taste particularly salty:

·               Bread

·               Cured meats (e.g., cold cuts, bacon)

·               Pizza

·               Poultry

·               Soup

·               Sandwiches

·               Cheese

·               Pasta (usually cooked with salted water)

·               Meat dishes

·               Snack foods

Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.

Chemistry Expert

Education

Ph.D., Biomedical Sciences, University of Tennessee at Knoxville

B.A., Physics and Mathematics, Hastings College

Introduction

Ph.D. in biomedical sciences from the University of Tennessee at Knoxville - Oak Ridge National Laboratory.

Science educator with experience teaching chemistry, biology, astronomy, and physics at the high school, college, and graduate levels.

ThoughtCo and About Education chemistry expert since 2001.

Widely-published graphic artist, responsible for printable periodic tables and other illustrations used in science.

Experience

Anne Helmenstine, Ph.D. has covered chemistry for ThoughtCo and About Education since 2001, and other sciences since 2013. She taught chemistry, biology, astronomy, and physics at the high school, college, and graduate levels. She has worked as a research scientist and also abstracting and indexing diverse scientific literature for the Department of Energy.

In addition to her work as a science writer, Dr. Helmenstine currently serves as a scientific consultant, specializing in problems requiring an interdisciplinary approach. Previously, she worked as a research scientist and college professor.

Education

Dr. Helmenstine holds a Ph.D. in biomedical sciences from the University of Tennessee at Knoxville and a B.A. in physics and mathematics with a minor in chemistry from Hastings College. In her doctoral work, Dr. Helmenstine developed ultra-sensitive chemical detection and medical diagnostic tests.

ThoughtCo and Dotdash

ThoughtCo is a premier reference site focusing on expert-created education content. We are one of the top-10 information sites in the world as rated by comScore, a leading Internet measurement company. Every month, more than 13 million readers seek answers to their questions on ThoughtCo.

For more than 20 years, Dotdash brands have been helping people find answers, solve problems, and get inspired. We are one of the top-20 largest content publishers on the Internet according to comScore, and reach more than 30% of the U.S. population monthly. Our brands collectively have won more than 20 industry awards in the last year alone, and recently Dotdash was named Publisher of the Year by Digiday, a leading industry publication.

https://www.thoughtco.com/difference-between-sodium-and-salt-608498

SALINE SOLUTION - The human body needs salt for many of its functions such as maintaining the right fluid balance, absorbing and transporting nutrients, maintaining blood pressure, transmitting nerve signals and for the contraction and relaxation of muscles. Saline solution is used in many medical applications. In chemistry, a solution is a homogeneous mixture containing two or more substances in which a solute is the substance that is dissolved in a solvent. Saline solution is sodium chloride at 0.85 to 0.9 added to and dissolved in 100 mL of purified water. Normal saline is isotonic to your body fluids, meaning that it is in the same concentration that naturally occurs in the human body. You can make your own saline solution with ordinary table salt and water. Choose table salt that is without iodine. Use distilled water so that it is purified and better than regular tap water. Dissolve 1 teaspoon of salt per 1 cup or 8 fluid ounces of distilled water. If you want a sterile solution, you simply dissolve the salt in boiling water, and then you can use it for wound care. Make certain to place a lid on the container you will store the saline solution in so that no bacteria can be introduced to it. Note that commercial contact lens solution has added buffers to be gentle to your eyes, and this recipe doesn't have buffers. Sodium chloride solution for intravenous use is normal saline. When someone has been sick with influenza or a stomach virus, they often become dehydrated from not drinking enough fluids and having bouts of vomiting and diarrhea. The saline solution in an IV form is administered through a vein to re-hydrate the body in a hospital.

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Saline Solution

What is Saline Solution?

By Mary Lougee

The most common seasoning that people put on their food is sodium chloride or table salt.

The human body needs salt for many of its functions such as maintaining the right fluid balance, absorbing and transporting nutrients, maintaining blood pressure, transmitting nerve signals and for the contraction and relaxation of muscles.

Saline solution is used in many medical applications.

What Is Saline Solution Made Up Of?

In chemistry, a solution is a homogeneous mixture containing two or more substances in which a solute is the substance that is dissolved in a solvent.

Saline solution is sodium chloride at 0.85 to 0.9 added to and dissolved in 100 mL of purified water.

How Do You Make a Saline Solution?

Normal saline is isotonic to your body fluids, meaning that it is in the same concentration that naturally occurs in the human body.

You can make your own saline solution with ordinary table salt and water.

Choose table salt that is without iodine. Use distilled water so that it is purified and better than regular tap water.

Dissolve 1 teaspoon of salt per 1 cup or 8 fluid ounces of distilled water.

If you want a sterile solution, you simply dissolve the salt in boiling water, and then you can use it for wound care.

Make certain to place a lid on the container you will store the saline solution in so that no bacteria can be introduced to it.

Note that commercial contact lens solution has added buffers to be gentle to your eyes, and this recipe doesn't have buffers.

What Is a Saline Solution IV?

Sodium chloride solution for intravenous use is normal saline.

When someone has been sick with influenza or a stomach virus, they often become dehydrated from not drinking enough fluids and having bouts of vomiting and diarrhea.

The saline solution in an IV form is administered through a vein to re-hydrate the body in a hospital or other medical office.

What Is a Saline Injection?

Since saline solution is a sterile formula, it is used in any medical setting to flush out a catheter or IV after medication is administered to a patient.

It serves as a sort of cleaning and sterilizing agent in this capacity when it is an injectable form.

What Is Saline Solution Good For?

Saline solution has many applications in the world of medicine.

It can be used to clean wounds, in an IV drip for dehydration and electrolyte imbalances and to flush catheters or IVs.

Saline solution is often recommended by doctors to use as nasal drops or a nasal irrigation to clear congestion, keep the nasal cavities moist and reduce postnasal drip due to colds or allergies.

Eye drops often contain saline solution to treat red eyes, dryness or tearing that can be a side effect of the common cold.

Saline solution can be used as an inhaler to help create mucus and allow you to get rid of it by coughing it out.

Mary Lougee has been writing about chemistry, biology, algebra, geometry, trigonometry and calculus for more than 12 years. She gained the knowledge in these fields by taking accelerated classes throughout college while gaining her degree.

https://sciencing.com/what-is-saline-solution-13712150.html

OCEAN SALINITY - Ocean water is about 3.5% salt. That means that if the oceans dried up completely, enough salt would be left behind to build a 180-mile-tall, one- mile-thick wall around the equator! And more than 90 percent of that salt would be sodium chloride, or ordinary table salt.

Ocean Water

Salinity

About 70% of the Earth is covered with water.

Over 97% of that water is found in the oceans. Everyone who has taken in a mouthful of ocean water while swimming knows that the ocean is really salty!

Dissolved salts in ocean water make it taste salty.

Fresh water has dissolved salts in it too, but not nearly as many as ocean water! These dissolved salts can come from the land, precipitation, or the atmosphere, and are particles that have completely mixed in with the water.

Ocean water is about 3.5% salt. That means that if the oceans dried up completely, enough salt would be left behind to build a 180-mile-tall, one- mile-thick wall around the equator!

And more than 90 percent of that salt would be sodium chloride, or ordinary table salt.

The oceans sure contain a lot of salt. How did that salt come to be there.

All over the globe and from the top of the ocean all the way to the bottom of the ocean, salinity is between ~33-37 ppt or psu (average salinity of the ocean is 35 ppt).

The image shown on this page shows salinity measured at the surface of the ocean across the globe. Almost the entire ocean is colored some shade of orange, corresponding to a salinity measurement around 33-36 ppt or psu.

The oceans are naturally salty. Life in the oceans has adapted to this salty environment. But, most creatures that live in the ocean could not live in fresh water.

When the salty waters of the ocean meet fresh water, an estuary is formed. This is a special environment where some creatures have learned to adapt to a mixture of fresh and salt water.

Humans have the responsibility to make sure their actions are not causing damage to these special environments where life thrives.

http://www.windows2universe.org/earth/Water/salinity.html

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