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Infrared Thermometers
How
Do Infrared Thermometers Work?
By Isaiah David
Infrared Thermometer Basics
Infrared thermometers measure temperature from
a distance. This distance can be many miles or a fraction of an inch.
Infrared thermometers are often used in
circumstances when other sorts of thermometers are not practical.
If an object is very fragile or dangerous to
be near, for example, an infrared thermometer is a good way to get a
temperature from a safe distance.
What Infrared Thermometers Do
Infrared thermometers work based on a
phenomenon called black body radiation.
Anything at a temperature above absolute zero
has molecules inside of it moving around. The higher the temperature, the
faster the molecules move.
As they move, the molecules emit infrared
radiation -- a type of electromagnetic radiation below the visible spectrum of
light.
As they get hotter, they emit more infrared,
and even start to emit visible light. That is why heated metal can glow red or
even white.
Infrared thermometers detect and measure this
radiation.
How Infrared Thermometers Work
Infrared light works like visible light -- it
can be focused, reflected or absorbed.
Infrared thermometers usually use a lens to
focus infrared light from one object onto a detector called a thermopile.
The thermopile absorbs the infrared radiation
and turns it into heat. The more infrared energy, the hotter the thermopile
gets.
This heat is turned into electricity. The
electricity is sent to a detector, which uses it to determine the temperature
of whatever the thermometer is pointed at.
The more electricity, the hotter the object
is.
Infrared Thermometer Uses
Ear thermometers are infrared thermometers.
The ear drum has about the same temperature as the inside of the body, but it
is very sensitive.
Touching the ear drum could damage it, so an
infrared thermometer measures its temperature from close by -- less than an
inch away.
Infrared thermometers are also used by fire
fighters to detect "hot spots" where the fire is burning fiercely.
They are even used in manufacturing.
Infrared thermometers can help control the
machines that put together delicate, temperature sensitive products like
electronics to make sure the components are not accidentally damaged.
Isaiah David is a freelance writer and musician living in Portland, Ore. He has over five years experience as a professional writer and has been published on various online outlets. He holds a degree in creative writing from the University of Michigan.
https://sciencing.com/infrared-thermometers-work-4965130.html
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