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By: Haseeb Jamal
Generation of solid waste is a
result of natural, human and animal activities.
Knowledge of generation of solid waste is important in the
planning, designing and operation of solid waste
management system.
Generation of solid waste has two aspects: One is the quality
of solid waste and the other is the quantity of solid waste.
Quality includes the sources, types and typical
composition of solid waste along with its properties whereas the quantity
represents the generation rates and total quantities and volumes of waste
generated.
Quantity of the
Solid Waste
Determination of the generation rate of solid waste is the
most important parameter required in the design of management and subsystems.
Solid waste is usually quantified in terms of generation
rate i.e. amount of waste generated by a person or a facility in one day.
The estimated generation rate for municipal solid
waste of Peshawar as reported is 0.65 kg/capita/day.
Solid Waste in a Scrapyard |
Quality of Solid
Waste
The quality of solid waste not only encompasses different types and sources of solid waste but also include its physical chemical and biological characteristics.
Measures of
Quantities
·
Volume measurement.
·
Weight measurement.
Care is required in using volume measurement because of
the distinction between compacted and loosened waste.
Both have different weight and volume.
Weight of the solid wastes is the most accurate and
preferred basis for records regardless of whether the waste is loose or
compacted.
Units of
Measurement
· Residential and
Commercial – kilogram per capita per day (Kg/c/d).
· Agricultural –
Kilogram per hectare per year (kg/ ha/ year).
Methods Used to
Determine Generation Rate
Load count analysis:
Counting the number of loads over a specified period of
time. Knowing the weight of each load, the maximum and average generation rates
can be determined.
Weight-Volume
analysis:
Measuring the volume of the truck and knowing the average
density of waste, the generation rates can be determined.
Material Balance
approach:
Indirect calculation of generated waste, by drawing
correlations between activities and waste generation.
For example, a commercial activity worth X Million Rupees
will generate Y kgs of waste.
If we have the data, then such correlations can be
established for all areas. Expensive and inaccurate in the beginning, but saves
a lot in the long run.
Factors Affecting
Generation Rates
Factors that affect the generation rate of solid waste
include:
· Geographical
location – related primarily to the different climate and also the culture that
can influence both the amount generated and collection operation.
· Season of the year.
· Frequency of
collection of solid waste.
· Characteristics of
population: e.g. Income and education levels, also profession classes.
· Extent of salvage
and recycling of wastes.
· Legislation
regarding solid waste generation, collection and its disposal.
· Public attitude towards solid waste.
Haseeb Jamal. I am a Civil
Engineer, graduated from University
of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan in 2010. I also
have a PG-Diploma in Disaster Management and
MS in Urban
Infrastructure Engineering (In Progress). My expertise include civil
related softwares like AutoCAD,
SAP2000, MS Project, Primavera, MS Office and GIS. My technical skills include
project management, monitoring and evaluation, structural assessment, disaster
risk management, Quantity survey, land survey, material testing, site
management and technical writing. I am trained in writing project progress
reports as well as proposals and concept papers. I have also received advanced
training on surveying, proposal writing, Monitoring and Evaluation of projects
as well as organizations.
I have worked as Project Engineer at
National Research and Development Foundation, Peshawar and CENCON Associates. I
also worked with Spectra Engineering Solutions as Senior Civil Engineer in
monitoring of World Bank and UNDP funded projects all over Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
and FATA. Currently, I am working as Deputy Manager Development at
NayaTel, Peshawar.
https://www.aboutcivil.org/generation-of-solid-waste
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