Puricare Industrial Enterprises

Friday, June 24, 2016

GROUNDWATER - Areas where water is at the surface as springs, seeps, swamps, or lakes reflect the presence of groundwater, although not necessarily in large quantities or of usable quality.

How Hydrologists Locate Groundwater

How Do Hydrologists Locate Groundwater?

Using scientific methods to locate water

To locate groundwater accurately and to determine the depth, quantity, and quality of the water, several techniques must be used.

A target area must be thoroughly tested and studied to identify hydrologic and geologic features important to the planning and management of the resource.

The landscape may offer clues to the hydrologist about the occurrence of shallow groundwater. Conditions for large quantities of shallow groundwater are more favorable under valleys than under hills.

In some regions--in parts of the arid Southwest, for example--the presence of "water-loving" plants, such as cottonwoods or willows, indicates groundwater at shallow to moderate depth.

Areas where water is at the surface as springs, seeps, swamps, or lakes reflect the presence of groundwater, although not necessarily in large quantities or of usable quality.

Geology is the key

Rocks are the most valuable clues of all.

As a first step in locating favorable conditions for groundwater development, the hydrologist prepares geologic maps and cross sections showing the distribution and positions of the different kinds of rocks, both on the surface and underground.

Some sedimentary rocks may extend many miles as aquifers of fairly uniform permeability. Other types of rocks may be cracked and broken and contain openings large enough to carry water.

Types and orientation of joints or other fractures may be clues to obtaining useful amounts of groundwater. Some rocks may be so folded and displaced that it is difficult to trace them underground.

Existing wells provide clues

Next, a hydrologist obtains information on the wells in the target area. The locations, depth to water, amount of water pumped, and types of rocks penetrated by wells also provide information on groundwater.

Wells are tested to determine the amount of water moving through the aquifer, the volume of water that can enter a well, and the effects of pumping on water levels in the area.

Chemical analysis of water from wells provides information on quality of water in the aquifer.

How groundwater occurs in rocks

Groundwater is simply the subsurface water that fully saturates pores or cracks in soils and rocks.

Aquifers are replenished by the seepage of precipitation that falls on the land, although they can be artificially replenished by people, also.

There are many geologic, meteorologic, topographic, and human factors that determine the extent and rate to which aquifers are refilled with water.

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Groundwater Characteristics .

CLICK HERE . . .

http://puricare.blogspot.com/2016/04/groundwater-characteristics-puricare.html

What is groundwater?

CLICK HERE . . .

http://puricare.blogspot.com/2016/06/groundwater-there-is-immense-amount-of.html

Physical characteristics

of groundwater

CLICK HERE . . .

http://puricare.blogspot.com/2016/04/physical-characteristics-of-groundwater.html.

PURICARE

INDUSTRIAL

ENTERPRISES

Water

Treatment
Systems

CLICK HERE . . . to view company profile

http://puricare.blogspot.com/p/company-profile.html

Ballast-TypePressure Tanks

Houston Water Pump with
Mazaki Automatic Pump Controller

GS Series Submersible Pump

https://water.usgs.gov/edu/gwhowtofind.html

Thursday, June 23, 2016

GROUNDWATER - There is an immense amount of water in aquifers below the earth's surface. In fact, there is a hundred times more water in the ground than is in all the world's rivers and lakes.

What is

groundwater?

These kids probably think there is some kind of magic happening here ... they pull down a lever and out of the ground below their feet comes clear, cool freshwater.

They (and maybe you) may not realize that there is an immense amount of water in aquifers below the earth's surface.

In fact, there is a hundred times more water in the ground than is in all the world's rivers and lakes.

Some water underlies the Earth's surface almost everywhere, beneath hills, mountains, plains, and deserts. It is not always accessible, or fresh enough for use without treatment, and it's sometimes difficult to locate or to measure and describe.

This water may occur close to the land surface, as in a marsh, or it may lie many hundreds of feet below the surface, as in some arid areas of the West.

Water at very shallow depths might be just a few hours old; at moderate depth, it may be 100 years old; and at great depth or after having flowed long distances from places of entry, water may be several thousands of years old.

Groundwater is a part of the water cycle. Some part of the precipitation that lands on the ground surface infiltrates into the subsurface.

The part that continues downward through the soil until it reaches rock material that is saturated is groundwater recharge. Water in the saturated groundwater system moves slowly and may eventually discharge into streams, lakes, and oceans.

Here is a simplified diagram showing how the ground is saturated below the water table (the purple area). The ground above the water table (the pink area) may be wet to a certain degree, but it does not stay saturated.

The dirt and rock in this unsaturated zone contain air and some water and support the vegetation on the Earth.

The saturated zone below the water table has water that fills the tiny spaces (pores) between rock particles and the cracks (fractures) of the rocks.

Why is there groundwater?

A couple of important factors are responsible for the existence of groundwater:

(1) Gravity - Nothing surprising here - gravity pulls water toward the center of the Earth. That means that water on the surface will try to seep into the ground below it.

(2) The Rocks Below Our Feet

The rock below the Earth's surface is the bedrock. If all bedrock consisted of a dense material like solid granite, then even gravity would have a hard time pulling water downward.

But Earth's bedrock consists of many types of rock, such as sandstone, granite, and limestone.

Bedrocks have varying amounts of void spaces in them where groundwater accumulates. Bedrock can also become broken and fractured, creating spaces that can fill with water.

And some bedrock, such as limestone, are dissolved by water -- which results in large cavities that fill with water.

In many places, if you looked at a vertical cross-section of the earth you would see that rock is laid down in layers, especially in areas of sedimentary rocks.

Some layers have rocks that are more porous than others, and here water moves more freely (in a horizontal manner) through the earth.

Sometimes when building a road, the layers are revealed by road cuts, and water can be seen seeping out through the exposed layers.

Try as it might, gravity does not pull water all the way to the center of the Earth.

Deep in the bedrock there are rock layers made of dense material, such as granite, or material that water has a hard time penetrating, such as clay. These layers may be underneath the porous rock layers and, thus, act as a confining layer to retard the vertical movement of water.

Since it is more difficult for the water to go any deeper, it tends to pool in the porous layers and flow in a more horizontal direction across the aquifer toward an exposed surface-water body, like a river.

Visualize it this way: get two sponges and lay one on top of the other. Pour water (precipitation) on top and it will seep through the top sponge downward into the bottom sponge.

If you stopped adding water, the top sponge would dry up and, as the water dripped out of the bottom sponge, it would dry up too.

Now, put a piece of plastic wrap between the sponges, creating your "confining layer" (making the bottom sponge an impermeable rock layer that is too dense to allow water to flow through it).

Now when you pour water on the top sponge, the water will seep downward until it hits the plastic wrap.

The top sponge will become saturated, and when the water hits the plastic wrap it won't be able to seep into the second sponge.

Instead, it will start flowing sideways and come out at the edges of the sponge (horizontal flow of groundwater).

This happens in the earth all the time -- and it is an important part of the water cycle.

RELATED POSTS:
.

Basic

Groundwater

Characteristics..

http://puricare.blogspot.com/2016/04/groundwater-characteristics-puricare.html.

...

Physical characteristics

of groundwater

http://puricare.blogspot.com/2016/04/physical-characteristics-of-groundwater.html.

The Hydrological Cycle or Water Cycle

http://puricare.blogspot.com/2016/05/the-hydrological-cycle-or-water-cycle.html

PURICARE

INDUSTRIAL

ENTERPRISES

Water

Treatment

Systems

http://puricare.blogspot.com/p/company-profile.html

Ballast-Type
Pressure Tanks

Houston Water Pump with
Mazaki Automatic Pump Controller

.source: water.usgs.gov

Tuesday, June 21, 2016

WATER RETENTION - Water retention is caused by two things: An excess of histamine, or the improper functioning of an organ. Very often, it is a symptom of old age.

Bloating, Water Retention & Histamine

Problems expelling water is caused by one of several mechanical failures of the body, sometimes induced by imbalanced hormones or chemicals.

Very often, it is a symptom of old age.

Whatever the cause, it is clinically known as water retention.

Common effects are the swelling of hands and feet, and sometimes entire limbs can become bloated and inflamed.

The lymph nodes are responsible for storing extra fluid, but sometimes they can become overwhelmed and leak into the surrounding tissue.

Water retention is caused by two things: An excess of histamine, or the improper functioning of an organ.

The body naturally manufactures histamine and releases it in the presence of allergens. Allergens can be pollen, or any foreign compound that the body develops a reaction to.

The allergen in question can be very specific to the individual.

Histamine causes water retention by causing capillaries to dilate and allowing them to leak fluid. This normally is beneficial, because it releases white blood cells and fluid to injured or infected tissue.

Improper excretion can be caused by malfunctioning kidneys or heart.

In the case of the heart, this is caused by a drop in blood pressure. Without pressure, fluids back up and leak, and also the kidneys are less able to filter blood.

The kidneys fail in their duty if they become infected or inflamed. Swollen kidneys are too pressurized to filter blood properly, like a hose being restricted by doubling it over.

Kidneys become sick as the result of bacteria and other contaminants being ingested from food and water sources.

Curing water retention requires a complete physical examination.

This should be a patient's first step anyway, given the startling sight of an entirely swollen hand or foot. It is necessary to seek evaluation right away in order to determine the cause because swelling can be signs of a more serious condition.

Allergens and chemicals are not always the culprits; there is always the chance of organ malfunction which must be eliminated first. In the event allergens are suspected, the food or drink that was consumed should be isolated.

7 Home Remedies for Water Retention

1. Avoid salt – Sodium increases fluid retention, try using pepper or other spices as a substitute. More importantly, cut down on fast food and processed foods because they are filled with salt!

2. Eat bananas – Bananas contain high amounts of potassium, which helps eliminate fluid retention. Slice them into your cereal, add them in a smoothie mix, or just eat them plain for a light and healthy snack.

3. Use ice packs – Applying an ice pack to swollen ankles can bring it back to normal size. Use a ziplock bag and fill it with ice cubes and apply with a towel to skin for 5-10 minutes. People with diabetes or poor circulation may want to check with their physician before doing so.

Home Remedies Continued

1. Consume natural diuretics – Cranberry juice, cabbage, watermelons, cucumbers, beets, tomatoes, carrots, and oats are all natural diuretics that will aid in the removal of excess fluids from the body.

2. Yogurt – Plain low-fat yogurt that contains active cultures aid in digestion and increase the good bacteria in the belly.

3. Water – Water is the best way to flush out your system. Drink at least 8-10 glasses a day to avoid water retention.

4. Vitamins – Vitamins A and C help diminish the fragility of capillaries and decrease water retention.

Some other tips to avoid swollen ankles are to keep your feet up while resting, prop a few pillows under your feet. Try not to cross your legs too often as it can limit the blood flow through the thigh veins and cause swelling in the lower thigh.

A very good way to limit retention is to try lifting your legs parallel to the floor while working and spending a portion of your lunch break on your feet exercising.

Lastly, drinking purified water can eliminate the chance the allergen came from chemicals found in tap water.

Purified water also does not contain any bacteria or viruses which can also affect water retention and clean water consumption is one way to prevent or reduce water retention in the body.

In severe cases, medicine may be required and the individual will likely be given an antihistamine, either over-the-counter or even prescription.

However some drugs themselves can also cause water retention so people should always be careful when taking medication for retaining water.

Water retention can become uncomfortable, especially if it occurs quite often. Do not hesitate to try several home remedies in order to find out what works best for you.

It is important to consistently maintain your health, not only when you are experiencing problems. This way, your body can do what it does best and protect you from the many illnesses we are exposed to.

A healthy lifestyle is the root to pursuing a long and happy life. Don’t take for granted this body we have been blessed with!

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