FACTORS AFFECTING SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM - Institutional factors affecting solid waste management system involve law and policies that allow the government to effectively implement an Integrated Solid Waste Management. Social factors affecting solid waste management system involve local customs and cultural/religious practices which can generally be affected or altered by sustained public education campaigns. Financial Factors - This the most important factor to consider while implementing an ISWM plan. Economic factors affecting solid waste management system should be differentiated from the above, as these include the financial output of the ISWM plans, for example, the jobs creation, enhancement of public trade and tourism, and political mileage etc. Technical factors include determination of equipment and facilities required for the implementation of the ISWM plan and more importantly, the locations where these equipment and facilities will be kept. Every ISWM plan has a deep impact on the natural resources, human health and the environment. All SWM activities such as landfilling or combustion must take into account the environmental cost and strive to minimize their effects on human health and natural resources of the area. The local government must establish procedures to protect groundwater and drinking water, and monitor compliance with the national standards to ensure that human health risks are minimized.

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Factors Affecting Solid Waste Management System

By: Haseeb Jamal 

Following are the factors affecting solid waste management system, its design, development, and operation:

1.        Institutional Factors

2.        Social Factors

3.        Financial Factors

4.        Economic Factors

5.        Technical Factors

6.        Environmental Factors

Institutional Factors

Institutional factors affecting solid waste management system involve law and policies that allow the government to effectively implement an Integrated Solid Waste Management. Steps that can be taken in this regard include:

·      Establish a national and/or provincial policy and pass laws on SWM standards and practices.

·      Identify the roles and responsibilities for each level of government.

·      Ensure that the local governments have the authority and resources to implement an ISWM plan.

Social Factors

Social factors affecting solid waste management system involve local customs and cultural/religious practices which can generally be affected or altered by sustained public education campaigns.

The knowledge of these factors can determine how the waste is generated and disposed.

The local government must ensure citizen participation in all phases of management planning to help gain community awareness, input and acceptance.

Financial Factors

This the most important factor to consider while implementing an ISWM plan.

The source(s) of funds must be identified and/or created to help finance the SWM plan.

In this regard, the local government should identify the sources that can provide funding for SWM, including general revenues or user fees, the private sector, and government and international agency grants and loans etc.

Economic Factors

Economic factors affecting solid waste management system should be differentiated from the above, as these include the financial (more precisely, economical) output of the ISWM plans, for example, the jobs creation, enhancement of public trade and tourism, and political mileage etc.

In order to evaluate these factors, the local government must calculate the initial capital investment requirements and long term operating and maintenance costs associated with the various waste management activities.

In addition, they must evaluate the public’s ability and willingness to pay for the services and evaluate activities based on effectiveness in handling waste potential for job creation.

Technical Factors

These factors include determination of equipment and facilities required for the implementation of the ISWM plan and more importantly, the locations where these equipment and facilities will be kept.

The determination of these factors will depend on geological factors, transport distances and projected waste generation, which will then become basis for siting and design of various equipment and facilities.

Environmental Factors

Every ISWM plan has a deep impact on the natural resources, human health and the environment in general.

All SWM activities such as landfilling or combustion must take into account the environmental cost of these activities and strive to minimize their effects on human health and natural resources of the area.

In this regard, the local government must establish procedures to verify the protection of groundwater and drinking water, and monitor compliance with the national standards to ensure that human health risks are minimized.

Haseeb Jamal. I am a Civil Engineer, graduated from University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan in 2010. I also have a PG-Diploma in Disaster Management and MS in Urban Infrastructure Engineering (In Progress). My expertise include civil related softwares like AutoCAD, SAP2000, MS Project, Primavera, MS Office and GIS. My technical skills include project management, monitoring and evaluation, structural assessment, disaster risk management, Quantity survey, land survey, material testing, site management and technical writing. I am trained in writing project progress reports as well as proposals and concept papers. I have also received advanced training on surveying, proposal writing, Monitoring and Evaluation of projects as well as organizations.

I have worked as Project Engineer at National Research and Development Foundation, Peshawar and CENCON Associates. I also worked with Spectra Engineering Solutions as Senior Civil Engineer in monitoring of World Bank and UNDP funded projects all over Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and FATA. Currently, I am working as Deputy Manager Development at NayaTel, Peshawar.

https://www.aboutcivil.org/factors-affecting-solid-waste-management-system

PHILIPPINE AIRLINES LAUNCHES DESIGNER CABIN CREW UNIFORMS WITH PPE - Philippine Airlines (PAL) has launched specially designed uniforms that have protective gear incorporated in them for its cabin crew as the airline carries out repatriation flights in the wake of the coronavirus crisis. Designed by Filipino couturier Edwin Tan, PAL says the new protective suits are “fit” but also functional which will allow cabin crew to perform their duties. The new uniforms also feature the colours of the airline. The red, yellow, and blue stripes are a nod to the flag of the Philippines. The carrier said in a statement on Facebook that the cabin crew uniform for the coronavirus “season” will showcase various looks, designs and colours, before PAL decides on a “single, branded look” for its flights “this season”. The uniform made its debut on a Philippine Airlines repatriation flight to Auckland from Manila. The carrier said it is planning to resume some international and domestic flights. A few carriers have started to equip cabin crew with protective gear to minimise exposure to the virus on flights. Emirates said recently that all of its cabin crew, boarding agents and ground staff who have direct contact with passengers are now wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) which includes a protective disposable gown over their uniforms, and a safety visor, in addition to masks and gloves.

Philippine Airlines launches designer cabin crew uniforms with PPE

by Seher Asaf

Business Traveller 

 

Philippine Airlines (PAL) has launched specially designed uniforms that have protective gear incorporated in them for its cabin crew as the airline carries out repatriation flights in the wake of the coronavirus crisis.

Designed by Filipino couturier Edwin Tan, PAL says the new protective suits are “fit” but also functional which will allow cabin crew to perform their duties.

The new uniforms also feature the colours of the airline. The red, yellow, and blue stripes are a nod to the flag of the Philippines.

“The detail is a subtle branding for PAL. We didn’t have time to print or embroider so we came up with the idea of mimicking or reworking the ‘flag’ logo of PAL,” said Tan.

“We used a non-porous material for the PPEs [personal protective equipment]. A material with substantial weight to give it a better fall than generic PPEs,” he added.

The carrier said in a statement on Facebook that the cabin crew uniform for the coronavirus “season” will showcase various looks, designs and colours, before PAL decides on a “single, branded look” for its flights “this season”.

The uniform made its debut on a Philippine Airlines repatriation flight to Auckland from Manila on Monday.

There were 184 Kiwi passport holders or permanent residents onboard, according to New Zealand-based news website Newshub.

Philippine Airlines has cancelled all domestic and international flights until May, but the airline is operating repatriation flights.

The carrier said it is planning to resume some international and domestic flights on select routes in May.

A few carriers have started to equip cabin crew with protective gear to minimise exposure to the virus on flights. 

Emirates said recently that all of its cabin crew, boarding agents and ground staff who have direct contact with passengers are now wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) which includes a protective disposable gown over their uniforms, and a safety visor, in addition to masks and gloves.

philippineairlines.com

Business Traveller is the leading magazine for the frequent business traveller , with 14 editions worldwide — in the UK, US, Asia-Pacific, Middle East, China, France, Germany, Denmark, Hungary, Africa, Russia, Poland, Israel and India, as well as a number of websites (click here for more details).

Launched in the UK in 1976, Business Traveller has become the leading magazine around the world for the frequent corporate traveller. A consumer publication, it is aimed at entertaining business travellers, saving them money and making their travelling life easier. Each edition is packed with editorial on the latest news about airlines, airports, hotels and car rental.

We review travel products, including the latest gadgets, technology and accessories designed to make the traveller’s life easier and more efficient. And we look at destinations — where to stay, what to eat, what to see, and how to behave, all delivered by our own writers and journalists around the world.

In addition, the many loyalty programmes are examined, deals and promotions are collected and feature stories cover a wide range of issues such as health, security, technology, golf, automotive, financial and buying property.

Lastly, we don’t forget that frequent corporate travellers are often the most frequent leisure travellers, so we examine where to escape on your next break and what to do if you are lucky enough to get time off when travelling on business .

With editorial staff based in our offices around the globe, Business Traveller is uniquely placed to ensure that each edition reflects the needs of our readers locally. We can also use this expertise to produce first-class editorial insights wherever we need to report.

https://www.businesstraveller.com/business-travel/2020/04/24/philippine-airlines-launches-designer-cabin-crew-uniforms-with-ppe/

 

 

 

 

https://www.businesstraveller.com/business-travel/2020/04/24/philippine-airlines-launches-designer-cabin-crew-uniforms-with-ppe/

 

 

 

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DISINFECTION OF GROUNDWATER AND WASTEWATER - Disinfection is an effective treatment process that can safely remove a variety of waterborne pathogens from a water supply. There are many types of pathogens that can get into a water supply. Each cause different problems, but there are several effective methods for their removal. Pathogens are anything that can cause disease. Water pathogens are usually either bacterial or viral. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), dangerous bacteria that are sometimes found in the water supply include E. coli, shigella and salmonella. Hepatitis A and the norovirus are two types of viruses that can contaminate municipal water systems. Most of the bacteria and viruses that are found in the water supply are not life-threatening for otherwise healthy individuals. Many can, however, cause temporary illnesses, as well as chronic health conditions. Short-term illness caused by bacteria and viruses is often characterized by nausea, diarrhea, vomiting and fever. A few gastrointestinal illnesses can be fatal, especially for very young children, the elderly and those with compromised immune systems. Neurological disorders and reproductive problems can also result from pathogens found in the water supply. There are several water treatment disinfection methods that can be used to remove pathogens from groundwater, wastewater and surface water.

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Disinfection of Groundwater and Wastewater

AOS Treatment Solutions

Disinfection is an effective treatment process that can safely remove a variety of waterborne pathogens from a water supply.

There are many types of pathogens that can get into a water supply. Each cause different problems, but there are several effective methods for their removal.

TYPES OF PATHOGENS

Pathogens are anything that can cause disease.

Water pathogens are usually either bacterial or viral.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), dangerous bacteria that are sometimes found in the water supply include E. coli, shigella and salmonella.

Hepatitis A and the norovirus are two types of viruses that can contaminate municipal water systems.

PROBLEMS PATHOGENS CAUSE

Most of the bacteria and viruses that are found in the water supply are not life-threatening for otherwise healthy individuals.

Many can, however, cause temporary illnesses, as well as chronic health conditions.

Short-term illness caused by bacteria and viruses is often characterized by nausea, diarrhea, vomiting and fever.

A few gastrointestinal illnesses can be fatal, especially for very young children, the elderly and those with compromised immune systems.

Neurological disorders and reproductive problems can also result from pathogens found in the water supply.

GROUNDWATER DISINFECTION SOLUTIONS

There are several water treatment disinfection methods that can be used to remove pathogens from groundwater, wastewater and surface water.

The following are a few of the groundwater disinfection solutions offered by AOS Treatment Solutions:

·      Chlorine Dioxide Control and Assistance — According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), chlorine is the disinfectant most often used to inactivate waterborne pathogens. Chlorine dioxide is a specific type of gas that can also be used to treat municipal water supplies.

·      Sodium Hypochlorite (Bleach) — This is a disinfectant that has proven to be effective in purifying groundwater and eliminating odors. It is often used because microorganisms can’t build up a resistance to it.

·      Liquid Ammonium Sulfate (LAS) — Chem Trade states that liquid ammonium sulfate is a non-toxic, stable liquid that can be used effectively for the treatment of drinking water.

AOS offers several disinfection wastewater treatment solutions that can be used to purify and maintain water at high standards.

We offer a range of groundwater treatment services and solutions to municipalities, including independent water analysis, chemical program design, start-up and training, and system-wide or single-point performance tracking.

Contact AOS Treatment Solutions for any questions regarding groundwater disinfection solutions.

AOS TREATMENT SOLUTIONS

Since 1999, AOS Treatment Solutions has provided specialized treatment of water and wastewater to the industrial and municipal markets. Over the years, we have become a leading water/wastewater treatment company utilizing an analytical and scientific approach to developing optimum treatment programs. Through our meticulous testing methodology, we find cost effective solutions to meet the needs of all our customers.

At AOS, our goal is to provide clients with a single-point source for all their water and wastewater treatment needs. We use the latest testing equipment and analyzers to deliver practical solutions that enhance operational reliability.

All chemicals for municipal drinking water are NSF certified.

https://aosts.com/municipal-groundwater-treatment-solutions/disinfection/

DEHYDRATION - Dehydration occurs when your body does not contain the amount of water it needs in order to function properly. While mild dehydration can be rectified by quenching your thirst, at its most severe, dehydration can be life threatening. It’s completely normal to lose water through your body each day, through sweat, breath, urine, faeces, saliva and tears. However, if you don’t replace this water, by drinking or eating foods with a high water content, you will likely become dehydrated. If you're thirsty, chances are you know to reach for a glass of water. But for small children and the elderly, it's not always apparent. Common signs of dehydration include dry skin, dizziness, increased thirst, a dry mouth, tiredness, lethargy and dark urine. There are several signs of dehydration, but it can vary from person-to-person, depending on how severe the dehydration is. Young children and the elderly may not recognise when they are thirsty so it's important to look out for the key signs. Young babies, toddlers and the elderly are most prone to getting dehydrated. If your child has a vomiting or diarrhoea bug, it’s important that you do not stop them drinking. Dehydration in older people can cause serious risks if it gets severe, including kidney stones, fainting and low blood pressure. Mobility issues can increase an elderly person’s chance of suffering from dehydration.

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Dehydration

Are you dehydrated? Here’s how to tell

The telltale signs you're not hitting your daily water quota

By Claire Chamberlain

With temperatures soaring above 30 degrees in England this week, staying hydrated and hitting your daily water quota is essential to avoid dehydration.

But what is dehydration exactly, and how do you know if you’re dehydrated?

Dehydration occurs when your body does not contain the amount of water it needs in order to function properly.

While mild dehydration can be rectified by quenching your thirst, at its most severe, dehydration can be life threatening.

We speak to Dr Andrew Thornber, chief medical officer at Now Patient, about the symptoms of dehydration and the telltale signs you're not hitting your daily water quota.

Causes of dehydration

It’s completely normal to lose water through your body each day, through sweat, breath, urine, faeces, saliva and tears.

However, if you don’t replace this water, by drinking or eating foods with a high water content, you will likely become dehydrated.

Other risk factors of dehydration include:

·     You have been vomiting or have diarrhoea.

·     You have a high fever.

·     You have a sore throat (meaning you may not want to drink or eat much).

·     You have done vigorous exercise.

·     You have heatstroke.

·     You have drunk lots of alcohol.

·     You are on diuretic medication (which makes you need to wee more frequently).

·     You have diabetes.

Signs and symptoms of dehydration

If you're thirsty, chances are you know to reach for a glass of water. But for small children and the elderly, it's not always apparent.

Fortunately, there are a number of signs to look out for which indicate you may need to hydrate.

Common signs of dehydration include dry skin, dizziness, increased thirst, a dry mouth, tiredness, lethargy and dark urine.

‘There are several signs of dehydration, but it can vary from person-to-person, depending on how severe the dehydration is,’ says Dr Thornber.

‘However, the most common signs include dry skin, dizziness, increased thirst, a dry mouth, tiredness and lethargy, lack of energy, very dark urine (or not peeing enough), a rapid heartbeat and – in the worst cases – fainting.’

Dehydration in babies and children

Young children and the elderly may not recognise when they are thirsty so it's important to look out for the key signs.

‘Young babies, toddlers and the elderly are most prone to getting dehydrated,’ says Dr Thornber.

If your baby or young child is dehydrated, you may notice these additional symptoms, as well as the symptoms listed above:

·     Playing less and seeming subdued or irritable.

·     No wet nappies for three hours or more.

·     A sunken fontanel (the soft spot on top of your baby’s head).

·     A lack of actual tears when they cry.

Treating dehydration in babies and young children

As soon as you notice your baby or young child may be dehydrated, offer them water to drink (babies under one year should be given the chance to breastfeed as often as they wish, or offered formula milk).

Young children may refuse plain water, in which case you could try the following:

• Offer them milk or very diluted squash.

• Spoon-feed them small amounts of water – little and often is best.

• Offer them slices of melon, strawberries or grapes (cut in half lengthways).

• Offer them an ice lolly.

If your child has a vomiting or diarrhoea bug, it’s important that you do not stop them drinking.

Encourage them to take regular small sips of water. You should also offer them a rehydration solution – speak to your pharmacist about which is the best choice for your child.

If your child refuses all offers of drink or food, and you are in any way concerned about their level of dehydration, call 111 for advice.

You may be advised to visit your local A&E department, where (in serious cases) your child may be rehydrated using an IV drip.

Dehydration in the elderly

Dehydration in older people can cause serious risks if it gets severe, including kidney stones, fainting and low blood pressure.

Mobility issues can increase an elderly person’s chance of suffering from dehydration: if they are unable to easily stand and move around independently, they will be far less likely to regularly get up to fetch themselves a glass of water.

Treating dehydration in the elderly

The best way for all of us to rehydrate and avoid becoming dehydrated in the first place is to drink plenty of water.

'Coffee, tea, fruit juice, sweetened beverages, fruits and vegetables all contain water, so if someone you know does not like drinking plain water, try to encourage them to up their intake of these other drinks or foods containing water,’ says Dr Thornber.

The best way to rehydrate and avoid becoming dehydrated in the first place is to drink plenty of water.

'Jellies, ice lollies and melons are all good alternatives, especially when encouraging an elderly person to increase their fluid intake,' adds Dr Thornber.

'Encourage them to keep a water jug or bottle close by, so they’re more inclined to drink more often.’

Make sure the water container isn’t too big though, as they may struggle to lift and pour it.

Instead, it’s better to use a smaller jug that you can refill regularly for them.

‘You can also try using an app or set an alarm to remind them to drink at regular intervals, especially at mealtimes,’ advises Dr Thornber.

Treating dehydration during a sickness bug

If you have been unwell with a sickness or diarrhoea bug, you will likely have lost water, as well as other vital nutrients.

‘It can sometimes be hard to keep drinking and to keep fluids down, but try to sip small amounts of fluid on a regular basis, to keep hydrated and replenish what you have lost,’ advises Dr Thornber.

'It would also be good to try to drink a rehydration solution (added to water), as these contain sugars and salts, which your body will have also lost.’

Speak to your pharmacist to help you decide which rehydration solution may be best for you.

CLAIRE CHAMBERLAIN Contributor

Claire is a freelance writer specialising in health, fitness and wellbeing.

NetDoctor, part of the Hearst UK wellbeing networkNetdoctor participates in various affiliate marketing programs, which means we may get paid commissions on editorially chosen products purchased through our links to retailer sites.

https://www.netdoctor.co.uk/healthy-living/wellbeing/a27414/symptoms-of-dehydration/