SUBMARINE PRINCIPLES AND DESIGN - Submarines travel smoothly underwater and can be powered by nuclear reactor or fuel to propel it. A submarine operates using the principle of buoyancy by Archimedes which says that upward buoyant force acting on a body that is fully or partially immersed in the liquid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body. This buoyant force acts in the upward direction at the center of mass of the fluid displaced. The equipment is not generally mounted on the pressure hull and elastic mounting system because it increases the vibration on the ship. To fit these requirements, suspended platforms and cradles are used. Sonar is the system that plays the main role in navigating the submarine. It is an eye for submarine during underwater operations.

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Submarine

principles and design

How does it work?

engineeringinsider

A submarine is a self-propelling craft that is designed to work underwater and complete various operations.

Submarine designs can have a single or double hull system that contains all the important systems and manpower to complete their missions.

Unlike ships, submarines travel smoothly underwater and can be powered by nuclear reactor or fuel to propel it.

Working & Design Principles of submarines-

The submarine works very differently than other crafts.

It operates using the principle of buoyancy by Archimedes which says that upward buoyant force acting on a body that is fully or partially immersed in the liquid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body.

This buoyant force acts in the upward direction at the center of mass of the fluid displaced.

In a submarine, the equipment is not generally mounted on the pressure hull and elastic mounting system because it increases the vibration on the ship.

To fit these requirements, suspended platforms and cradles are used.

A submarine mainly consists of following components

§     Pressure hull

§     Planes

§     Ballast tanks

§     Engine

§     Tower

§     Navigation systems

§     Life-support systems

Apart from these components, Sonar is the system that plays the main role in navigating the submarine. It is an eye for submarine during underwater operations.

The main rile of some subsystems is to detect any passive or active mode, localization, tracking and avoid any obstacle.

How does submarine work?

Using the Archimedes principles, the buoyancy is controlled on the submarine by ballast tanks.

Submarine resting on the surface is less dense than water that means it has positive buoyancy and it will float. In this condition, the ballast tanks are full of air.

In order to submerge the submarine, it should be made less dense than water, thus negative buoyancy is generated by venting out the air from the ballast tanks.

The sea water comes in the tanks through flood ports and forces the air out, thus submarine starts to sink.

The depth of the submarine is controlled by controlling the ratio of water to air in the ballast tank.

Moreover, a submarine can get neutral buoyancy when its weight is equal to the amount of water it displaces. In this case, the submarine will neither sink nor rise.

To make the submarine rise again on the surface of the water, air is blown into the ballast tanks, forcing seawater out, hence gaining positive buoyancy.

How does its propelling system work?

Nuclear submarines use steam turbines and a nuclear reactor to provide drive in their propeller shaft.

Electric power is also used to operate the equipment; however, batteries are used to store electric power and get charged from the diesel engine.

A nuclear submarine has an advantage of remaining submerged for a longer time than diesel submarines because diesel engine requires air to work which is only available at the water surface.

  

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