Manganese in
Groundwater
What are iron and manganese?
Iron and manganese are
metallic elements present in many types of rocks.
Iron has the symbol “Fe” and manganese has the given symbol “Mn.”
Both are commonly found in water and are
essential elements required in small amounts by all living organisms.
Concentrations of iron and manganese in
groundwater are often higher than those measured in surface waters.
The Aesthetic Objective (AO) for iron in
drinking water is less than or equal to 0.3 milligrams per litre (mg/L) while
the Aesthetic Objective for manganese in drinking water is less than or equal
to 0.05 mg/L.
The taste and smell of manganese or iron at
concentrations above the drinking water guidelines may be noted by some water
users.
What are the known sources of iron and
manganese?
The most common
sources of iron and manganese in groundwater are naturally occurring, for
example from weathering of iron and manganese bearing minerals and rocks.
Industrial effluent, acid-mine drainage,
sewage and landfill leachate may also contribute iron and manganese to local
groundwater.
What are the environmental health concerns?
At concentrations
found in most natural waters, and at concentrations below the aesthetic
objective, iron and manganese are not considered a health risk.
Water with a high concentration of iron or
manganese may cause the staining of plumbing fixtures or laundry.
Manganese solids may form deposits within
pipes and break off as black particles that give water an unpleasant appearance
and taste.
Similarly, iron can collect and block pipes
or fixtures and produce color, taste and rust flakes in water.
Both substances can increase the growth of
unwanted bacteria that form a slimy coating in water pipes.
“Should I Get My Well Water Tested?”
Iron and manganese are
found naturally in groundwater in all regions.
In local areas, concentrations of iron and
manganese can range up to several mg/L.
The concentration of iron and manganese in
well water can fluctuate seasonally and vary with the depth and location of the
well and the geology of an area.
Iron and manganese naturally occur in
groundwater that has little or no oxygen, typically in deeper wells (but not
always), in areas where groundwater flow is slow, and in areas where
groundwater flows through soils rich in organic matter.
Concentrations that exceed the drinking water
guideline can occur locally anywhere.
What well owners and water suppliers do about
high levels of iron and manganese within well water.
Pitcher-type carbon
filtration units can remove some forms of iron and manganese.
Boiling water is not recommended for removing
iron and manganese as it will likely increase their concentration.
Iron and manganese are often removed at the
same time, by water treatment with chlorine, ozone or by adding chemicals that
cause the metals to form a solid that will settle or be filtered out.
Water treatment methods such as ion exchange,
oxidizing filters, and reverse osmosis can also be used but these have variable
effectiveness and may be expensive for small water systems or households.
Devices can be certified for treating a range
of water quality concerns, so make sure that the device you purchase is
explicitly certified for iron and manganese removal.
.
https://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hfd/library/documents/bib106076_iron_manganese.pdf
.
https://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hfd/library/documents/bib106076_iron_manganese.pdf
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