SAFELY CRASHING A MOTORCYCLE - There are techniques to potentially save yourself in a motorcycle accident. Before you crash, slow the motorcycle as best as possible with the brakes. The front brakes will offer the most stopping potential, so they should be applied progressively to reduce your speed. You can also progressively apply the rear brakes to reduce your velocity before the crash. Pick your spot to go down if possible. You wouldn’t think you have much of a choice, but you still have some control over the motorcycle just before a crash. Let go of the motorcycle once you’re down. A motorcycle can easily tumble and crush you if you’re caught under it on the ground. Tuck your appendages and roll if you can. If you’re able to slide, slide like you’re stealing a base. Think of a stick and a rope. A stick will break, and a rope will not. Be a rope. When you think you’ve stopped sliding or tumbling, count to five. Don’t stand up immediately. Crawl away from the scene to safety.

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Safely Crashing a Motorcycle

How to Safely Crash a Motorcycle

You wouldn’t think you have much of a choice, but you still have some control over the motorcycle just before a crash - you can give some direction of left or right to avoid oncoming objects and try to find the softest spot possible

Michael Padway

You wouldn’t expect ‘safely’ and ‘crash’ to be paired together, but there are techniques to potentially save yourself in a motorcycle accident.  

These are what we suggest you become comfortable with:

1.    Before you crash, slow the motorcycle as best as possible with the brakes.

The front brakes will offer the most stopping potential, so they should be applied progressively to reduce your speed.  

You can also progressively apply the rear brakes to reduce your velocity before the crash.

2.    Pick your spot to go down if possible.

You wouldn’t think you have much of a choice, but you still have some control over the motorcycle just before a crash.  

You can give some direction of left or right to avoid oncoming objects and try to find the softest spot possible.

3.    Let go of the motorcycle once you’re down.  A motorcycle can easily tumble and crush you if you’re caught under it on the ground.  

As soon as you’re down, let it go its separate way.

4.    Tuck your appendages and roll if you can.  

Don’t reach out to brace for impact as you’re more likely to break a bone (or multiples) trying to lessen the impact.

5.    If you’re able to slide, slide like you’re stealing a base.  

You can reach out with your arms and legs to spread yourself wide to add drag. This will help slow you down faster.

6.    It’s hard to think about relaxing in a time like this, but relaxing your body will prevent injuries tendons and ligaments.  

Think of a stick and a rope. A stick will break, and a rope will not. Be a rope.

7.    When you think you’ve stopped sliding or tumbling, count to five. Don’t stand up immediately.  

Your balance could be off and you may actually be moving and not realize it. Counting to five will give you that extra time to be sure you’re stopped.  

After the five seconds, don’t stand up. Crawl away from the scene to safety.  

Standing up and walking away (or trying) can make you a moving target for another motorcyclist that they didn’t expect.

Michael Padway is a motorcycle accident attorney with over 40 years of experience in motorcycle cases. He’s been a lifelong motorcycle rider, and fanatic for its culture, advocacy, and safety. If you need assistance with a motorcycle accident, contact him at (800) 928-1511 or visit michaelpadway.com for a free consultation.

https://www.motorcyclelegalfoundation.com/how-to-crash-a-motorcycle-safely/

 

CHLORINE CHEMICAL & PHYSICAL PROPERTIES - Chlorine is a member of the halogen group of elements and directly combines with almost all of the other elements. Chlorine gas is a greenish yellow. Chlorine figures prominently in many organic chemistry reactions, particularly in substitutions with hydrogen. The gas acts as an irritant for respiratory and other mucous membranes. The liquid form will burn the skin. Humans can smell as low an amount as 3.5 ppm. A few breaths at a concentration of 1000 ppm is usually fatal. It is used for disinfecting drinking water. Chlorine is used in the production of textiles, paper products, dyes, petroleum products, medicines, insecticides, disinfectants, foods, solvents, plastics, paints, and many other products. Chlorine has been used as a chemical warfare agent.

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Chlorine Facts

Chlorine Chemical & Physical Properties

by Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D. 

Atomic Number: 17

Symbol: Cl

Atomic Weight: 35.4527

Discovery: Carl Wilhelm Scheele 1774 (Sweden)

Electron Configuration: [Ne] 3s² 3p⁵

Word Origin: Greek: khloros: greenish-yellow

Properties: Chlorine has a melting point of -100.98°C, boiling point of -34.6°C, density of 3.214 g/l, specific gravity of 1.56 (-33.6°C), with a valence of 1, 3, 5, or 7.

Chlorine is a member of the halogen group of elements and directly combines with almost all of the other elements. 
.
Chlorine gas is a greenish yellow. Chlorine figures prominently in many organic chemistry reactions, particularly in substitutions with hydrogen.

The gas acts as an irritant for respiratory and other mucous membranes.

The liquid form will burn the skin.

Humans can smell as low an amount as 3.5 ppm. A few breaths at a concentration of 1000 ppm is usually fatal.

Uses: Chlorine is used in many everyday products.

It is used for disinfecting drinking water.

Chlorine is used in the production of textiles, paper products, dyes, petroleum products, medicines, insecticides, disinfectants, foods, solvents, plastics, paints, and many other products.

The element is used to manufacture chlorates, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, and in the extraction of bromine.

Chlorine has been used as a chemical warfare agent.

Sources: In nature, chlorine is only found in the combined state, most commonly with sodium as NaCl and in carnallite (KMgCl₃•6H₂O) and sylvite (KCl).

The element is obtained from chlorides by electrolysis or via the action of oxidizing agents.

Element Classification: Halogen

Chlorine Physical Data

Density (g/cc): 1.56 (@ -33.6 °C)

Melting Point (K): 172.2

Boiling Point (K): 238.6

Appearance: greenish-yellow, irritating gas. At high pressure or low temperature: red to clear.

Isotopes: 16 known isotopes with atomic masses ranging from 31 to 46 amu. Cl-35 and Cl-37 are both stable isotopes with Cl-35 as the most abundant form (75.8%).

Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 18.7

Covalent Radius (pm): 99

Ionic Radius: 27 (+7e) 181 (-1e)

Specific Heat (@20°C J/g mol): 0.477 (Cl-Cl)

Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): 6.41 (Cl-Cl)

Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 20.41 (Cl-Cl)

Pauling Negativity Number: 3.16

First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 1254.9

Oxidation States: 7, 5, 3, 1, -1

Lattice Structure: Orthorhombic

Lattice Constant (Å): 6.240

CAS Registry Number: 7782-50-5

Interesting Trivia:

·      Chlorine leaks in containers are detected using ammonia. Ammonia will react with the chlorine and form a white mist above the leak.

·      The most common natural chlorine compound on Earth is sodium chloride or table salt.

·     Chlorine is the 21^st most abundant element in the Earth's crust

·     Chlorine is the third most abundant element in the Earth's oceans

·     Chlorine gas was used as a chemical weapon during World War I. Chlorine is heavier than air and would form a deadly layer in low-lying foxholes and trenches.

Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.

Introduction

Ph.D. in biomedical sciences from the University of Tennessee at Knoxville - Oak Ridge National Laboratory.

Science educator with experience teaching chemistry, biology, astronomy, and physics at the high school, college, and graduate levels.

ThoughtCo and About Education chemistry expert since 2001.

Widely-published graphic artist, responsible for printable periodic tables and other illustrations used in science.

Experience

Anne Helmenstine, Ph.D. has covered chemistry for ThoughtCo and About Education since 2001, and other sciences since 2013. She taught chemistry, biology, astronomy, and physics at the high school, college, and graduate levels. She has worked as a research scientist and also abstracting and indexing diverse scientific literature for the Department of Energy.

In addition to her work as a science writer, Dr. Helmenstine currently serves as a scientific consultant, specializing in problems requiring an interdisciplinary approach. Previously, she worked as a research scientist and college professor. 

Education

Dr. Helmenstine holds a Ph.D. in biomedical sciences from the University of Tennessee at Knoxville and a B.A. in physics and mathematics with a minor in chemistry from Hastings College. In her doctoral work, Dr. Helmenstine developed ultra-sensitive chemical detection and medical diagnostic tests.

ThoughtCo and Dotdash

ThoughtCo is a premier reference site focusing on expert-created education content. We are one of the top-10 information sites in the world as rated by comScore, a leading Internet measurement company. Every month, more than 13 million readers seek answers to their questions on ThoughtCo.

For more than 20 years, Dotdash brands have been helping people find answers, solve problems, and get inspired. We are one of the top-20 largest content publishers on the Internet according to comScore, and reach more than 30% of the U.S. population monthly. Our brands collectively have won more than 20 industry awards in the last year alone, and recently Dotdash was named Publisher of the Year by Digiday, a leading industry publication.

https://www.thoughtco.com/chlorine-element-facts-606518

THE PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM - The name makes it sound like something akin to advanced particle physics, but it's actually a fairly simple, straightforward way to calculate the length of the third side of a right triangle if you know the lengths of the other two sides. The equation that derives from the Pythagorean Theorem is familiar to many: a2 + b2 = c2. The Pythagorean Theorem holds that, in a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides. It will help you to know how to calculate square roots, and you can also use basic algebra to figure out any missing side of a right triangle as long as you know two of its measurements.

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The Pythagorean Theorem

What Is the Pythagorean Theorem?

Wonderopolis

There are certain things you learn in school that you use on an everyday basis.

Some of these things include reading, writing, spelling, and basic mathematics, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

Then there are other things that you learn in school that you probably don't use every single day.

How often do you need to know when World War I started?

Does knowing the details of the process of photosynthesis come in handy every day?

How about all those esoteric mathematical concepts and formulas?

Will algebra ever be useful in real life? Actually, you might be surprised how often you end up using algebra and other mathematical concepts without even realizing it.

Let's take a look at one of those formulas you may have learned about in school: the Pythagorean Theorem.

The name makes it sound like something akin to advanced particle physics, but it's actually a fairly simple, straightforward way to calculate the length of the third side of a right triangle if you know the lengths of the other two sides.

The equation that derives from the Pythagorean Theorem is familiar to many: a² + b² = c².

In this equation, c represents the longest side (known as the hypotenuse) of a right triangle.

Reminder: a right triangle is a triangle that has one 90˚ angle.

The letters a and b represent the other two sides.

Stated another way, the Pythagorean Theorem holds that, in a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides.

So, if side a measures 3 and side b measures 4, you can calculate that side c will measure 5 (3² + 4² = 5² or 9 + 16 = 25).

It will help you to know how to calculate square roots, and you can also use basic algebra to figure out any missing side of a right triangle as long as you know two of its measurements.

The Pythagorean Theorem is credited to Pythagoras, who was a Greek philosopher and mathematician that lived in the 5^th century B.C.

However, historians have discovered that other ancient civilizations knew about the basic mathematics of the Pythagorean Theorem thousands of years earlier.

For example, new studies show that the ancient pillars of Stonehenge may have been placed very precisely using the geometry of the Pythagorean Theorem.

Although no one knows who built Stonehenge, historians believe it was constructed over 2,000 years before Pythagoras was born.

Does the Pythagorean Theorem have any usefulness in real life? You bet it does!

First, it's often used as the basis for more complicated mathematics, including calculating areas, volumes, and perimeters of all sorts of geometric shapes.

On a day to day basis, you might find yourself using the Pythagorean Theorem in certain types of jobs and tasks.

These might include architecture, construction, navigation, and surveying.

Basically, any time you build something and you need to use square angles or know how long one side of a triangle needs to be, you'll be using the Pythagorean Theorem!

·  Follow the link to learn how to use shoes to create triangles that you can then measure to confirm the Pythagorean Theorem. Have fun confirming what mathematicians have known for centuries!

·  Are you a sports fan? Check out The Pythagorean Theorem and Baseball online. Can you solve the puzzle? Apply what you've learned about the Pythagorean Theorem. You can click for a hint if you need one.

·  We don't condone breaking and entering, but sometimes you might find yourself locked out of the house and need to borrow a ladder to climb to a second story window to get in. Use the information in The Pythagorean Theorem and Ladders to solve a simple puzzle. Isn't it cool how you can figure out how long the ladder needs to be?

Wonderopolis was created by the National Center for Families Learning (NCFL) in 2010, and it has become one of the most popular education sites today. 

The National Center for Families Learning (NCFL) works to eradicate poverty through education solutions for families. Over our 29-year history, we have changed the lives of millions of families across the country by providing innovative programs, strategies, and resources that support learning, literacy, and family engagement in education. Engaging multiple generations together has been a fundamental and distinguishing aspect of our work, because we know this holistic approach creates a stronger impact and greater success for families. For more information, please visit familieslearning.org.

https://www.wonderopolis.org/wonder/what-is-the-pythagorean-theorem

GLASS AND SODIUM HYDROXIDE - Drain Cleaner Can Dissolve Glass - Sodium hydroxide is perfectly capable of dissolving your skin in addition to glass. Also, it reacts with other chemicals, so you have to be certain you perform this project in a steel or iron container. Dissolving glass in molten sodium hydroxide probably won't do your pan any favors, so chances are you'll want to throw it out when you are done. Neutralize the sodium hydroxide with acid before disposing of the pan or attempting to clean it.

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Glass And Sodium Hydroxide

Drain Cleaner Can Dissolve Glass

by Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D. 

Just about everyone knows many acids are corrosive.

For example, hydrofluoric acid can dissolve glass.

Did you know strong bases can be corrosive, too?

An example of a base sufficiently corrosive to eat glass is sodium hydroxide (NaOH), which is a common solid drain cleaner.

You can test this for yourself by setting a glass container in hot sodium hydroxide, but you need to be extremely careful.

Glass Dissolver

Sodium hydroxide is perfectly capable of dissolving your skin in addition to glass.

Also, it reacts with other chemicals, so you have to be certain you perform this project in a steel or iron container.

Test the container with a magnet if you are unsure, because the other metal commonly used in pans, aluminum, reacts vigorously with sodium hydroxide.

The sodium hydroxide reacts with the silicon dioxide in glass to form sodium silicate and water:

·                     2NaOH + SiO₂ → Na₂SiO₃ + H₂O

Dissolving glass in molten sodium hydroxide probably won't do your pan any favors, so chances are you'll want to throw it out when you are done.

Neutralize the sodium hydroxide with acid before disposing of the pan or attempting to clean it.

If you don't have access to a chemistry lab, this could be achieved with a whole lot of vinegar (weak acetic acid) or a smaller volume of muriatic acid (hydrochloric), or you can wash the sodium hydroxide away with lots and lots of water.

You may not be interested in destroying glassware for science, but it's still worth knowing why it is important to remove dishes from your sink if you are planning to use solid drain cleaner and why it's not a good idea to use more than the recommended amount of the product.

Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.

Introduction

Ph.D. in biomedical sciences from the University of Tennessee at Knoxville - Oak Ridge National Laboratory.

Science educator with experience teaching chemistry, biology, astronomy, and physics at the high school, college, and graduate levels.

ThoughtCo and About Education chemistry expert since 2001.

Widely-published graphic artist, responsible for printable periodic tables and other illustrations used in science.

Experience

Anne Helmenstine, Ph.D. has covered chemistry for ThoughtCo and About Education since 2001, and other sciences since 2013. She taught chemistry, biology, astronomy, and physics at the high school, college, and graduate levels. She has worked as a research scientist and also abstracting and indexing diverse scientific literature for the Department of Energy.

In addition to her work as a science writer, Dr. Helmenstine currently serves as a scientific consultant, specializing in problems requiring an interdisciplinary approach. Previously, she worked as a research scientist and college professor. 

Education

Dr. Helmenstine holds a Ph.D. in biomedical sciences from the University of Tennessee at Knoxville and a B.A. in physics and mathematics with a minor in chemistry from Hastings College. In her doctoral work, Dr. Helmenstine developed ultra-sensitive chemical detection and medical diagnostic tests.

ThoughtCo and Dotdash

ThoughtCo is a premier reference site focusing on expert-created education content. We are one of the top-10 information sites in the world as rated by comScore, a leading Internet measurement company. Every month, more than 13 million readers seek answers to their questions on ThoughtCo.

For more than 20 years, Dotdash brands have been helping people find answers, solve problems, and get inspired. We are one of the top-20 largest content publishers on the Internet according to comScore, and reach more than 30% of the U.S. population monthly. Our brands collectively have won more than 20 industry awards in the last year alone, and recently Dotdash was named Publisher of the Year by Digiday, a leading industry publication.

https://www.thoughtco.com/drain-cleaner-can-dissolve-glass-3975922

INCREASING WATER PRESSURE AT HOME - Check the water meter. Be sure it’s operating at full strength capacity. Check your main shut off valve. Check the pressure regulator. Check your faucets. If you have sediment or dirt in your lines or buildup from many, many years of galvanized pipes, it may be time to re-pipe your home. This is not cheap, but can make all the difference in water pressure and comfort.

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Home Water Pressure

5 Tips for Increasing Water Pressure

residential.goulds.com

Ever taken a bath or tried to fill up the sink to wash dishes with low water pressure? It’s the worst.

It takes forever and you know it doesn’t have to be that way.

What can you do? 
.
Here are 5 tips to increase water pressure.

If these don’t work, well… it might be time to call in a professional. 

1.    Check the water meter. – Yes, you would assume it’s all the way on, but things happen. Be sure it’s operating at full strength capacity.

2.    Check your main shut off valve at the street. – It’s not unusual to have work done and then slowly let water back into the pipes to ensure everything is okay. Sometimes it gets left in that position. Make sure it’s full on.

3.    Check the pressure regulator. – Each home has a pressure regulator on its pipes to ensure water isn’t rushing into your home too quickly.

If too much pressure is built up it can harm or blow our fixtures and faucets and possibly pipes.

Pressure regulators make sure the 100 PSI received from the water tower is reduced to between 80PSI and 50PSI before entering your home.

4.    Check your faucets. – If you’re experiencing low or high water pressure, go outside and turn on the outside spigot.

If that faucet is experiencing the same flow, then look to the previous 3 steps.

However, if the outside pressure is fine, you might need to replace washers or fixtures at the point of the variation in pressure. If you don’t know how, call one of our professional dealers.

5.    Could it be your pipes? – If you have sediment or dirt in your lines or buildup from many, many years of galvanized pipes, it may be time to re-pipe your home.

This is not cheap, but can make all the difference in water pressure and comfort. A certified or master plumber can give you an estimate and take care of the project for you.

http://residential.goulds.com/tips-for-increasing-water-pressure/