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The Law of Conservation
of Energy Defined
Energy
is neither created nor destroyed
By Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.
The law of conservation of energy is a physical law that states energy cannot be created or destroyed but
may be changed from one form to another.
Another way of stating this law of chemistry
is to say the total energy of an isolated system remains constant or is
conserved within a given frame of reference.
In classical mechanics, conservation of mass and conversation of
energy are considered to be two separate laws.
However, in special relativity, matter may be
converted into energy and vice versa, according to the famous equation E = mc2.
Thus, it's more appropriate to say mass-energy
is conserved.
Example of Conservation of Energy
If a stick of dynamite explodes, for example,
the chemical energy contained within the
dynamite changes into kinetic energy, heat, and light.
If all this energy is added together, it will equal the starting chemical energy value.
Consequence of Conservation of Energy
One interesting consequence of the law of
conservation of energy is that it means perpetual motion machines of the first
kind are not possible.
In other words, a system must have an external
power supply to continuously deliver unlimited energy to its surroundings.
It's also worth noting that it's not always
possible to define conservation of energy because not all systems have time
translation symmetry.
For example, conservation of energy may not be defined for time crystals or for curved space times.
Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.
Chemistry Expert
Education
Ph.D.,
Biomedical Sciences, University of Tennessee at Knoxville
B.A.,
Physics and Mathematics, Hastings College
Introduction
Ph.D.
in biomedical sciences from the University of Tennessee at Knoxville - Oak
Ridge National Laboratory.
Science
educator with experience teaching chemistry, biology, astronomy, and physics at
the high school, college, and graduate levels.
ThoughtCo
and About Education chemistry expert since 2001.
Widely-published
graphic artist, responsible for printable periodic tables and other
illustrations used in science.
Experience
Anne
Helmenstine, Ph.D. has covered chemistry for ThoughtCo and About Education
since 2001, and other sciences since 2013. She taught chemistry, biology,
astronomy, and physics at the high school, college, and graduate levels. She
has worked as a research scientist and also abstracting and indexing diverse
scientific literature for the Department of Energy.
In
addition to her work as a science writer, Dr. Helmenstine currently serves as a
scientific consultant, specializing in problems requiring an interdisciplinary
approach. Previously, she worked as a research scientist and college professor.
Education
Dr.
Helmenstine holds a Ph.D. in biomedical sciences from the University of
Tennessee at Knoxville and a B.A. in physics and mathematics with a minor in
chemistry from Hastings College. In her doctoral work, Dr. Helmenstine
developed ultra-sensitive chemical detection and medical diagnostic tests.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/law-of-conservation-of-energy-605849
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