PETROLEUM COMPOSITION - There are four main types of hydrocarbons found in crude oil: paraffins, naphthenes, aromatics and asphaltics. The hydrocarbons primarily are alkanes, cycloalkanes, and aromatic hydrocarbons. The most common metals are iron, nickel, copper, and vanadium. Most petroleum is dark brown or blackish in color, but it also occurs in green, red, or yellow.

Petroleum Composition

 Crude Oil can be brown or yellow in color

Chemical Composition of Petroleum

By Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D. 

Petroleum or crude oil is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons and other chemicals.

The composition varies widely depending on where and how the petroleum was formed.

In fact, a chemical analysis can be used to fingerprint the source of the petroleum.

However, raw petroleum or crude oil has characteristic properties and composition.

Hydrocarbons in Crude Oil

There are four main types of hydrocarbons found in crude oil.

1.        paraffins (15-60%)

2.        naphthenes(30-60%)

3.        aromatics (3-30%)

4.        asphaltics (remainder)

The hydrocarbons primarily are alkanes, cycloalkanes, and aromatic hydrocarbons.

Elemental Composition of Petroleum

Although there is considerable variation between the ratios of organic molecules, the elemental composition of petroleum is well-defined:

1.        Carbon - 83 to 87%

2.        Hydrogen - 10 to 14%

3.        Nitrogen - 0.1 to 2%

4.        Oxygen - 0.05 to 1.5%

5.        Sulfur - 0.05 to 6.0%

6.        Metals - < 0.1%

The most common metals are iron, nickel, copper, and vanadium.

Petroleum Color and Viscosity

The color and viscosity of petroleum vary markedly from one place to another.

Most petroleum is dark brown or blackish in color, but it also occurs in green, red, or yellow. 

Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D. is an author and consultant with a broad scientific and medical background.

Experience

Anne has taught chemistry, biology, and physics at the high school, college, and graduate level. In her doctoral work, Anne developed ultra-sensitive chemical detection and medical diagnostic tests. She has worked abstracting/indexing diverse scientific literature for the Department of Energy. She presently works as a freelance writer and scientific consultant. She enjoys adapting lab-based science projects so that they can be performed safely at home.

Education

Dr. Helmenstine has bachelor of arts degrees in physics and mathematics with a minor in chemistry from Hastings College in Nebraska and a doctorate of philosophy in biomedical sciences from the University of Tennessee at Knoxville.

Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.

Chemistry is part of everyone's life, from cooking and cleaning to the latest computer chip technology and vaccine development. It doesn't have to be intimidating and it doesn't have to be hard to understand.

You can read more about Anne's current and past work on her Google Profile: Anne Helmenstine. Find Anne's printable periodic tables and science projects at Science Notes.

https://www.thoughtco.com/chemical-composition-of-petroleum-607575

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