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What is pH?
By
Fondriest Staff
pH describes the acidity or alkalinity of a
solution. A low pH indicates acidic conditions, and a high pH indicates basic
conditions.
pH is actually a measure of the amount of
hydrogen ions in solution.
In fact, some people think of it as being
the “power of hydrogen.”
A low pH has a large number of free
hydrogen ions in the water, whereas a high pH has relatively few.
Technically, pH is the negative logarithm
of the free hydrogen activity in solution.
Why
is pH Important?
pH is highly important and is used to
monitor for safe water conditions.
Many animals cannot live in a pH level
below 5 or above 9.
Once the normal pH range for a water has
been established, a rise or fall in pH can indicate chemical pollution, or acid
rain.
How
is pH measured? What is pH
pH is measured on a scale of 0 to 14; 7 is
neutral, below 7 is acidic, greater than 7 is basic.
A lower number represents a greater number
of hydrogen ions, and each pH unit represents a 10-fold change in the hydrogen
ion concentration and amount of acidity.
For instance, a pH of 6 has ten times more
free hydrogen ions than a pH of 7, and one hundred times more free hydrogen
ions than a pH of 8.
pH
Technology
The most accurate way to measure pH is with
an electric pH probe.
When the probe is submersed in water, it
measures the pH of the water relative to the pH of a solution within the probe.
pH is commonly measured using a combination
pH electrode.
The pH electrode has a glass bulb filled
with a pH 7 solution.
The difference between the pH in the water
and the pH 7 solution within the glass bulb generates an electrical potential,
which is measured relative to a stable electrical potential generated by a
reference electrode located within the pH probe.
The pH of the solution is then determined by the difference between these two electrical potentials.
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