DRILLING MACHINES - Drilling machines consist of a cutting tool attachment, called the drill bit. This part is the core of a drilling machine, and its tip pierces the material and drills through it. There is a base which supports this drill bit and rotates it. The fundamental process of drilling is rotating the drill bit while pressing it against a material. This results in cutting or piercing of the material.

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Drilling Machines

Drilling Machine – Types & Working

A drilling machine is a tool which we use to cut something. 

Drilling machines consist of a cutting tool attachment, called the drill bit. This part is the core of a drilling machine, and its tip pierces the material and drills through it.

There is a base which supports this drill bit and rotates it.

So the fundamental process of drilling is rotating the drill bit while pressing it against a material. This results in cutting or piercing of the material.

A drilling machine can also be used to make large holes in comparatively softer materials.

Using special drill bits one can make holes in glass.

Drilling machine is classified depending upon its mechanism and its applications

1.    Drill/Rotary Drill: 

This is a general hand-held electric drill machine, having a normal drill chuck. It is used for drilling in wood, metal and plastics. also used for screw driving.

2.    Impact Drill/Percussion Drill: 

This is similar to normal drill machine as mentioned above, but it has an additional gear mechanism as shown below

When you turn the rotary switch to impact drill mode it will engage a pulsating gear to the drill spindle and make the drill bit to move forward and backward towards the wall, which works like a chisel while it rotates to break the stone and hardened cement.

Impact drills are used for multiple applications like drilling on brick/masonry wall, concrete (without reinforcement) when you put the machine on impact mode.

You can use it as a normal drill for drilling on wood, metals, plastics and screw driving when you put it in normal drill mode.

3. Rotary Hammer/Hammer drill/SDS hammer/Combi hammer etc:

These drill machines are entirely different from the above and it has pneumatic hammering mechanism with a piston and cylinder to produce higher hammering force.

These drills have a Special Direct System (SDS) instead of a normal drill chuck, which enable key less fixing of drill bit in the machine (just push it in will get locked)

Rotary hammers are mainly used by construction professionals and contractors for drilling and breaking of Masonry/Concrete/RCC/High-strength Concrete surfaces.

These drill machines come in 2 or 3 modes, in 2 mode drill you can use Rotary drilling and Hammer drilling functions, and in 3 mode drill, you have a hammer only mode and an additional function called chiselling/chipping can be used for breaking and demolition of concrete/masonry surfaces.

4. Drill Driver: 

These are similar to rotary drills, but having an additional torque control clutch mechanism for controlling the tightness of screws/bolts.

Drill drivers are mostly used for screwing on wood and metal surfaces and it can do normal drilling work.

Drill drivers mostly available in Battery powered(cordless) version for convenience.

5. Bench drills: 

These are conventional drill machines mounted on a bench or floor. it has a belt drive and standard chuck. Used for heavy duty drilling on metals and wood.

https://engineeringinsider.org/drilling-machine-types-working/