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Scientific
Notation
Introduction to Scientific
Notation
Do you know this number, 300,000,000 m/sec.?
It's the Speed of light !
Do you recognize this number, 0.000 000 000 753 kg.
?
This is the mass of a dust particle!
Scientists have developed a shorter method to express
very large numbers. This method is called scientific
notation.
Scientific
Notation is based on powers of the base number 10.
The number 123,000,000,000 in scientific notation is
written as :
The first number 1.23 is called the coefficient. It must be greater than or equal to 1 and less than 10.
The second number is called the base. It must always be 10 in scientific notation.
The
base number 10 is always written in exponent form.
In
the number 1.23 x 1011 the number 11 is referred to as the exponent or
power of ten.
To write a number in scientific notation:
Put the decimal after the first digit and drop the
zeroes.
In the number 123,000,000,000 The coefficient will be
1.23
To find the exponent count the number of places from
the decimal to the end of the number.
In 123,000,000,000 there are 11 places. Therefore we
write 123,000,000,000 as:
Exponents are often expressed
using other notations.
The number 123,000,000,000 can
also be written as:
1.23E+11 or as 1.23 X 10^11
For small numbers we use a
similar approach. Numbers less smaller than 1 will have a negative exponent.
A
millionth of a second is:
0.000001 sec. or 1.0E-6 or
1.0^-6 or 
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