HOUSEHOLD CHEMICALS YOU SHOULD NEVER MIX - Common household chemicals , when mixed, may react to produce a toxic or deadly compound or they may cause undesirable consequences. Bleach and ammonia react together to form toxic chloramine vapors and poisonous hydrazine. Bleach reacts with ethanol or isopropanol in rubbing alcohol to produce chloroform. Bleach and vinegar produces chlorine gas. Vinegar (weak acetic acid) combines with hydrogen peroxide to produce corrosive peracetic acid. Henna products react with hydrogen peroxide in hair colors in an exothermic reaction that can cause a skin reaction, burn you, make your hair fall out, and produce a scary unpredictable color in hair that remains.

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Chemicals You Should Never Mix

Household Chemicals That Don't Belong Together

by Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.

Some common household chemicals should never be mixed.

They may react to produce a toxic or deadly compound or they may cause undesirable consequences. Here's what you need to know.

Bleach + Ammonia = Toxic Chloramine Vapor

   Bleach and ammonia are two common household cleaners that should never be mixed.

   They react together to form toxic chloramine vapors and may lead to the production of poisonous hydrazine.

   What It Does: Chloramine burns your eyes and respiratory system and can lead to internal organ damage.

   If there is enough ammonia in the mixture, hydrazine may be produced.

   Hydrazine is not only toxic but also potentially explosive. The best-case scenario is discomfort; the worst-case scenario is death.

Bleach + Rubbing Alcohol = Toxic Chloroform

   The sodium hypochlorite in household bleach reacts with ethanol or isopropanol in rubbing alcohol to produce chloroform.

   Other nasty compounds that may be produced include chloroacetone, dichloroacetone, and hydrochloric acid.

   What It Does: Breathing enough chloroform will knock you out, which will make you unable to move to fresh air. Breathing too much can kill you.

   Hydrochloric acid can give you a chemical burn. The chemicals can cause organ damage and lead to cancer and other diseases later in life.

Bleach + Vinegar = Toxic Chlorine Gas

   Are you noticing a common theme here? Bleach is a highly reactive chemical that should not be mixed with other cleaners.

   Some people mix bleach and vinegar to increase the cleaning power of the chemicals. It's not a good idea because the reaction produces chlorine gas.

   The reaction isn't limited to vinegar (weak acetic acid). Avoid mixing other household acids with bleach, such as lemon juice or some toilet bowl cleaners.

   What It Does: Chlorine gas has been used as a chemical warfare agent, so it's not something you want to be producing and inhaling in your home.

   Chlorine attacks the skin, mucous membranes, and respiratory system. As best, it will make you cough and irritate your eyes, nose, and mouth.

   It can give you a chemical burn and could be deadly if you are exposed to a high concentration or are unable to get to fresh air.

Vinegar + Peroxide = Peracetic Acid

   You might be tempted to mix chemicals to make a more powerful product, but cleaning products are the worst choice for playing home chemist!

   Vinegar (weak acetic acid) combines with hydrogen peroxide to produce peracetic acid.

   The resulting chemical is a more potent disinfectant, but it's also corrosive, so you turn relatively safe household chemicals into a dangerous one.

   What It Does: Peracetic acid can irritate your eyes and nose and may give you a chemical burn. ​

Peroxide + Henna Hair Dye = Hair Nightmare

   This nasty chemical reaction is most likely to be encountered if you color your hair at home.

   Chemical hair dye packages warn you not to use the product if you have colored your hair using a henna hair dye.

   Similarly, henna hair coloring warns you against using a commercial dye. Why the warning?    

   Henna products other than red contain metallic salts, not just ground-up plant matter.

   The metal reacts with hydrogen peroxide in other hair colors in an exothermic reaction that can cause a skin reaction, burn you, make your hair fall out, and produce a scary unpredictable color in hair that remains.

   What It Does: Peroxide removes existing color from your hair, so it's easier to add a new color.

   When it reacts with metal salts (not ordinarily found in hair), it oxidizes them. This ruins the pigment from the henna dye and does a number on your hair.

   Best case scenario? Dry, damaged, weird-colored hair. Worst case scenario? Welcome to the wonderful wide world of wigs.

Baking Soda + Vinegar = Mostly Water

   While the previous chemicals on the list combined to produce a toxic product, mixing baking soda and vinegar gives you an ineffective one.

   Oh, the combination is fantastic if you want to produce carbon dioxide gas for a chemical volcano, but negates your efforts if you intend to use the chemicals for cleaning.

   What It Does: Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) reacts with vinegar (weak acetic acid) to produce carbon dioxide gas, sodium acetate, and mostly water.

   It's a worthwhile reaction if you want to make hot ice. Unless you are mixing the chemicals for a science project, don't bother.

AHA/Glycolic Acid + Retinol = Waste of $$$

   Skincare products that actually work to lessen the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles include alpha-hydroxy acids (AHAs), glycolic acid, and retinol.

   Layering these products won't make you wrinkle-free. In fact, the acids reduce the effectiveness of retinol.

   What It Does: Skincare products work best at a certain acidity level or pH range.

   When you mix products, you can change the pH, making your expensive skin care regimen pointless. Best case scenario? 

   The AHA and glycolic acid loosen dead skin, but you get no bang for your buck from the retinol.

   Worst case scenario? You get added skin irritation and sensitivity, plus you wasted money.

   You can use the two sets of products, but you need to allow time for one to be completely absorbed before applying the other. Another option is to alternate which type you use.

 

Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.

·   Ph.D. in biomedical sciences from the University of Tennessee at Knoxville - Oak Ridge National Laboratory.

·   Science educator with experience teaching chemistry, biology, astronomy, and physics at the high school, college, and graduate levels.

·   ThoughtCo and About Education chemistry expert since 2001.

·   Widely-published graphic artist, responsible for printable periodic tables and other illustrations used in science.

Experience

Anne Helmenstine, Ph.D. has covered chemistry for ThoughtCo and About Education since 2001, and other sciences since 2013. She taught chemistry, biology, astronomy, and physics at the high school, college, and graduate levels. She has worked as a research scientist and also abstracting and indexing diverse scientific literature for the Department of Energy.

In addition to her work as a science writer, Dr. Helmenstine currently serves as a scientific consultant, specializing in problems requiring an interdisciplinary approach. Previously, she worked as a research scientist and college professor. 

Education

Dr. Helmenstine holds a Ph.D. in biomedical sciences from the University of Tennessee at Knoxville and a B.A. in physics and mathematics with a minor in chemistry from Hastings College. In her doctoral work, Dr. Helmenstine developed ultra-sensitive chemical detection and medical diagnostic tests.

Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.

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