Puricare Industrial Enterprises: August 2017

Computer Virus

Malware 101
What is a Computer Virus?

A computer virus, much like a flu virus, is designed to spread from host to host and has the ability to replicate itself.

Similarly, in the same way that viruses cannot reproduce without a host cell, computer viruses cannot reproduce and spread without programming such as a file or document.

In more technical terms, a computer virus is a type of malicious code or program written to alter the way a computer operates and that is designed to spread from one computer to another.

A virus operates by inserting or attaching itself to a legitimate program or document that supports macros in order to execute its code.

In the process a virus has the potential to cause unexpected or damaging effects, such as harming the system software by corrupting or destroying data.

How does a computer virus attack?

Once a virus has successfully attached to a program, file, or document, the virus will lie dormant until circumstances cause the computer or device to execute its code.

In order for a virus to infect your computer, you have to run the infected program, which in turn causes the virus code to be executed.

This means that a virus can remain dormant on your computer, without showing major signs or symptoms.

However, once the virus infects your computer, the virus can infect other computers on the same network.

Stealing passwords or data, logging keystrokes, corrupting files, spamming your email contacts, and even taking over your machine are just some of the devastating and irritating things a virus can do.

While some viruses can be playful in intent and effect, others can have profound and damaging effects, such as erasing data or causing permanent damage to your hard disk, and worst yet, some are even design with financial gains in mind.

How do computer viruses spread?

In today’s constantly connected world you can contract a computer virus in many ways, some more obvious than others.

Viruses can be spread through email and text message attachments, Internet file downloads, social media scam links, and even your mobile devices and smartphones can become infected with mobile viruses through shady App downloads.

Viruses can hide disguised as attachments of socially shareable content such as funny images, greeting cards, or audio and video files.

To avoid contact with a virus it’s important to exercise caution when surfing the web, downloading files, and opening links or attachments.

As a best practice, never download text or email attachments that you’re not expecting, or files from websites you don’t trust.

How to protect against computer viruses?

As you can see, just like a vicious flu virus, a computer virus is something that you want to avoid.

The terms virus and malware are often used interchangeably; however, a virus is one of many types of malware, and only one aspect of the overall threat landscape.

As a result, traditional antivirus software alone will not fully protect you from all threats.

Instead, look into comprehensive security software like Norton Security.

With patented technologies that work together to outsmart online threats, scanning your system for viruses, and running continuous automatic silent updates, Norton Security keeps you protected from existing, new, and even yet-to-be-invented threats.

And if a virus slips through on our watch during your subscription period, Norton support experts will do everything they can to help fix problem at no additional cost.

That’s the assurance and peace of mind you only get with our Norton Virus Protection Promise.

No other free or paid security software service offers this kind of guarantee.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mPQKRxzJF6g&feature=youtu.be

https://us.norton.com/internetsecurity-malware-what-is-a-computer-virus.html

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A pair of Iridium satellites flaring. Jupiter is to the right and the bright star Arcturus is to the lower left.

Iridium Flares

Understanding Iridium Flares

by Carolyn Collins Petersen

Our night skies are packed full of stars and planets to observe on a dark night.

However, there are more objects closer to home that you can plan on seeing every so often.

These include the International Space Station (ISS) and numerous satellites.

The ISS appears as a slow-moving high-altitude craft during its crossings, while most satellites look like dimmer points of light moving against the backdrop of stars.

Some satellites appear to move east to west, while others are in polar orbits (moving nearly north-south).

There are thousands of artificial satellites around Earth, in addition to thousands of other objects such as rockets, reactor cores, and pieces of space debris (sometimes referred to as “space junk”).

Not all of them can be seen with the naked eye.

There's a whole collection of objects called Iridium satellites that can look very bright during certain times of day and night.

Glints of sunlight bouncing from them are referred to as "iridium flares" and they can be observed fairly easily if you know when and where to look during the satellite orbits.

Many people probably have seen an iridium flare and simply not known what they were looking at.

It also turns out that other satellites can show these glints, although most are not as bright as the iridium flares.

WHAT'S IRIDIUM?

If you use a satellite phone or pager, chances are the signals you receive or send come through the Iridium satellite constellation, a set of 66 orbiting stations that provide global telecommunications coverage.

They follow highly inclined orbits, which means that their paths around the planet are close to (but not quite) from pole to pole.

Their orbits are roughly 100 minutes long and each satellite can link to three others in the constellation.

The first Iridium satellites were planned to be launched as a set of 77.

The name "Iridium" comes from the element iridium, which is number 77 in the periodic table of the elements.

It turns out that 77 were not needed.

Today, the constellation is used largely by the military, as well as other clients in the airline and air traffic control communities.

Each Iridium satellite has a spacecraft bus, solar panels, and a set of antennae.

They go around Earth in roughly 100-minute orbits at a speed of 27,000 kilometers per hour.

THE HISTORY OF IRIDIUM SATELLITES

Satellites have been orbiting Earth since the late 1950's when Sputnik 1 was launched.

It soon became obvious that having telecommunication stations in low-Earth orbit would make long-distance communications much easier and so countries began launching their own satellites in the 1960's.

Eventually, companies got involved, including the Iridium Communications Corporation.

Its founders came up with the idea of a constellation of stations in orbit in the 1990's.

After the company struggled to find customers and eventually went bankrupt, the constellation is still in operation today and its current owners are planning a new "generation" of satellites to replacing the aging fleet.

Some of the new satellites, called "Iridium NEXT", have already been launched aboard SpaceX rockets.

This new generation of Iridium sats will no doubt enable more flare-watching among Earth-based observers.

WHAT IS AN IRIDIUM FLARE?

As each Iridium satellite orbits the planet, it has a chance to reflect sunlight toward Earth from its triad of antennae.

That flash of light as seen from Earth is called an "Iridium flare".

It looks very much like a meteor flashing through the air very rapidly.

These brilliant events can happen up to four times a night and can get as bright as -8 magnitude.

At that brightness, they can be spotted in the daytime, although it's much easier to see them at night or in twilight.

Observers can often spot the satellites themselves crossing the sky, just as they would any other satellite.

LOOKING FOR AN IRIDIUM FLARE

It turns out that Iridium flares can be predicted.

This is because the satellite orbits are well known.

The best way to find out when to see one to use a site called Heavens Above, which keeps track of many known bright satellites, including the Iridium constellation.

Simply enter your location and get a feel for when you might see a flare and where to look for it in the sky.

The website will give the time, brightness, location in the sky, and length of the flare.

https://www.thoughtco.com/iridium-flares-4148112

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